Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Pseudohypoparathroidism (PHP) is a condition mimics hypoparathyroidism biochemically with a hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia but differentiates from it an elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. PHP characterized by targeted organ unresponsiveness to PTH and mainly subdivided two groups. PHP type 1a an autosomal dominant disease related to mutations of GNAS1. This subtype has biochemical findings and characteristic somatic phenotype known as Albright Heredit...

Introduction: Berardinelli Seip Congenital Lypodystrophy (BSCL) is a rare otosomal recessive disease characterized by major criteria which are lypoatrophy, acromegaloid features, hepatomegaly, hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance and minor citeria which are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, psycomotor retardation, hirsutism, precocious puberty, long bone cysts, phlebomegaly. The presence of three major criteria or two major plus two minor criteria required for diagnosis of BSCL...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with distant metastasis (DM) have variable clinical forms. PTC mostly metastasizes to the regional cervical lymph node. Metastasis rate is approximately 20–90% available when diagnosed. In addition, the overall incidence of DM is approximately 10%. DM are usually to the lungs, bone and brain. Furthermore rarely liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, adrenal gland, ovaries, sphenoid sinuses and submandibular gland metasta...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) in pregnancy is very rare condition and the true incidence of PHP in pregnancy is not well known. PHP is associated with significant maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. PHP is diagnosed based upon levels of blood calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in normal renal function status. However diagnosis of PTH can be difficult, the physiological changes of pregnancy in calcium homeostasis such as maternal blood volume expan...

Introduction: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequently occurring subtype of thyroid differentiated cancers. PTC frequently metastasizes to the cervical lymph node region and metastasis rate of approximately 20–90% is available when diagnosed. Distant metastasis are usually the lungs, bone and brain metastases. Furthermore rarely the adrenal gland, skeletal muscle, ovaries, submandibular gland, sphenoid sinuses, liver and pancreatic metastases can be occurr...